Zika Virus: 7 Things You Need To Know About The Deadly Viral Infection

Lately, the mosquito-borne Zika virus has become a global emergency
and a subject of global concern, even as the World Health Organization
has
projected that up to 4 million people may be affected in the ongoing
outbreak. As of today, cases of the viral infection have been reported
in 23 countries across the Central and South America. In fact, latest
statistics revealed that 36 people in the United States, including 4
pregnant women have been diagnosed with Zika virus infection.
Highlighted below are answers to some of the questions you may want to
ask about the Zika virus:
1. What is Zika Virus?
It is a mosquito-borne virus first identified in 1947 among Rhesus
monkeys in Uganda. About five years later, Zikavirus was identified in
humans in Uganda and Tanzania. Since then, outbreaks of the virus have
been recorded in the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. This virus
belongs to the flavivirus genre where Yellow Fever and Dengue also
belong.
2. How is Zika Virus transmitted?
So far, it has been established that Zika virus is mosquito-borne. It
is usually transmitted to people when they get bitten by an infected
mosquito of the Aedes genus, especially Aedesaegyptii, the same mosquito
implicated in the transmission of Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever and
Chikungunya. Unlike the female Anopheles mosquito which transmits
malaria, Aedes mosquito has been described as a daytime mosquito because
it usually bites during the morning and evening hours.
3. How can one know if one has Zika Virus?
Although the time of exposure to onset of symptoms (incubation
period) is yet unclear for Zika virus, experts have said it is likely to
be a few days. The infected individual may experience mild symptoms of
fever, skin rashes, muscle and joint pains, headache, malaise and red
eyes. Note, however, that only about 20% of infected individuals will
show symptoms which typically last for 2 – 7 days.
. Can Zika Virus wreak any havoc?
Intensive research is still ongoing to establish a definite link
between Zika virus infection in pregnant women and babies born with
small heads (microcephaly). In Brazil which is the worst hit by the
current outbreak, more than 4000 children have been diagnosed with
microcephaly – a condition where a baby is born with an abnormally small
head and by implication, a small brain. Such a baby will most likely
experience delays in achieving developmental milestones as well as
possible mental retardation in future. In the same vein, the current
Zika virus outbreak has been linked with a higher number of cases of
Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rare paralysis syndrome that may occur after
some viral or bacterial infections.
5. How is Zika Virus diagnosed?
A highly sensitive and specific method employed in the diagnosis of
Zika virus is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which is based on a
process that produces multiple copies of the viral DNA. Since the virus
can easily cross-react with similar flaviviruses such as Dengue and
Yellow Fever, serological diagnosis is not reliable since it can lead to
false-positive results.
6. Can Zika Virus be treated?
Currently, no drug treatment or vaccine has been discovered for Zika
virus. However, since the symptoms are often mild, supportive treatment
will often suffice such as drinking plenty fluids for adequate
hydration, pain relief, bed rest and control of fever.
7. Can Zika Virus be prevented?
Yes, Zika virus infection is preventable by eliminating potential
sources of the Aedes mosquito and preventing contact between the
mosquito and people. How can this be achieved? By clearing your
environment of potential breeding sites such as stagnant water or
overgrown bushes, use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, use of
insect repellant creams, putting on clothes that cover as much of the
body as possible since the Zika virus often bites during the day. In
combating this menace, Brazil has now deployed thousands of workers to
scour her cities for mosquito breeding grounds while also fumigating
those areas and educating residents on the dangers of still and stagnant
water where the female Aedes mosquitoes lay their eggs.